Pregnant women with CHF are at increased risk for preterm birth; stroke volume and heart rate increase during pregnancy, increasing cardiac output, especially during the first trimester; closely monitor pregnant patients with CHF Pregnant women with symptomatic cirrhosis generally have poor outcomes eg, hepatic failure, variceal hemorrhage, preterm delivery, fetal growth restriction, and maternal death; pregnant women with cirrhosis of the liver should be monitored and managed accordingly Hypertension in pregnancy increases the maternal risk for preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, premature delivery, and delivery complications eg, need for cesarean delivery, postpartum hemorrhage; hypertension increases the fetal risk for intrauterine growth restriction and death

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